Hydrogen Facts - H or Atomic Number 1

Hydrogen is the chemical element with the element symbol H and atomic number 1. Its essential for all life and abundant in the universe, so its one element you should get to know better. Here are basic facts about the first element in the periodic table, hydrogen. Fast Facts: Hydrogen Element Name: HydrogenElement Symbol: HAtomic Number: 1Group: Group 1Classification: NonmetalBlock: s-blockElectron Configuration: 1s1Phase at STP: GasMelting Point: 13.99 K ​(−259.16  °C, ​−434.49  °F)Boiling Point: 20.271 K ​(−252.879  °C, ​−423.182  °F)Density at STP: 0.08988  g/LOxidation States: -1, 1Electronegativity (Pauling Scale): 2.20Crystal Structure: HexagonalMagnetic Ordering: DiamagneticDiscovery: Henry Cavendish (1766)Named By: Antoine Lavoisier (1783) Atomic Number: 1 Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table, meaning it has an atomic number of 1 or 1 proton in each hydrogen atom. The name of the element comes from the Greek words  hydro  for water and  genes  for forming, since hydrogen bonds with oxygen to form water (H2O). Robert Boyle produced hydrogen gas in 1671 during an experiment with iron and acid, but hydrogen wasnt recognized as an element until 1766 by Henry Cavendish. Atomic Weight: 1.00794 This makes hydrogen the lightest element. It is so light, the pure element isnt bound by Earths gravity. So, there is very little hydrogen gas left in the atmosphere. Massive planets, such as Jupiter, consist mainly of hydrogen, much like the Sun and stars. Even though hydrogen, as a pure element, bonds to itself to form H2, its still lighter than a single atom of helium because most hydrogen atoms dont have any neutrons. In fact, two hydrogen atoms (1.008 atomic mass units per atom) are less than half the mass of one helium atom (atomic mass 4.003). Hydrogen Facts Hydrogen is the most abundant element. About 90% of the atoms and 75% of the element mass of the universe is hydrogen, usually in the atomic state or as plasma. Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the human body in terms of numbers of atoms of the element, its only 3rd in abundance by mass, after oxygen and carbon, because hydrogen is so light. Hydrogen exists as a pure element on Earth as a diatomic gas, H2, but its rare in Earths atmosphere because it is light enough to escape gravity and bleed into space. The element remains common at the Earths surface, where it is bound into water and hydrocarbons to be the third most abundant element.There are three natural isotopes of hydrogen: protium, deuterium, and tritium. The most common isotope of hydrogen is protium, which has 1 proton, 0 neutrons, and 1 electron. This makes hydrogen the only element that can have atoms without any neutrons! Deuterium has 1 proton, 1 neutron, and 1 electron. Although this isotope is heavie r than protium, deuterium is not radioactive. However, tritium does emit radiation. Tritium is the isotope with 1 proton, 2 neutrons, and 1 electron.Hydrogen gas is extremely flammable. It is used as a fuel by the space shuttle main engine and was associated with the famous explosion of the Hindenburg airship. While many people consider oxygen to be flammable, it actually doesnt burn. However, its an oxidizer, which is why hydrogen is so explosive in air or with oxygen.Hydrogen compounds commonly are called hydrides.Hydrogen may be produced by reacting metals with acids (e.g., zinc with hydrochloric acid).The physical form of hydrogen at room temperature and pressure is a colorless and odorless gas. The gas and liquid are nonmetals, but when hydrogen is compressed into a solid, the element is an alkali metal. Solid crystalline metallic hydrogen has the lowest density of any crystalline solid.Hydrogen has many uses, though most hydrogen is used for processing fossil fuels and in the production of ammonia. It is gaining importance as an alternate fuel that produces energy by combustion, similar to what happens in fossil fuel engines. Hydrogen is also used in fuel cells that react hydrogen and oxygen to produce water and electricity.In compounds, hydrogen can take a negative charge (H-) or a positive charge (H).Hydrogen is the only atom  for which the Schrà ¶dinger equation has an exact solution. Sources Emsley, John (2001). Natures Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.Hydrogen. Van Nostrands Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 978-0-471-61525-5.Stwertka, Albert (1996). A Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–21. ISBN 978-0-19-508083-4.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. p. 240. ISBN 978-0123526519.

Short Story Let Go Of Me Bitch - 1334 Words

Let go of me bitch. I scratch at his fingers on my upper arm, and he tugs me forward to contain my other arm. Asshole.I spit at him, and I try not to stumble as I realize I m supposed to be walking at the moment but struggle under the weight of my knee. I watch his tall figure as I stumble over my own, distracting myself is the best way to contain my anger right now. His eyes glow with determination, and his mouth pressed into a firm line. His jaw line could cut a bitch, and it flexes as he grinds his teeth. His dark hair flops as we walk. Blake looks down at me, and I try not to recoil. He deserved that! He deserved more than that, he spread a giant rumor that could ruin my life because I screwed up him probably taking advantage of that girl! I yell at Blake as I try to breathe and not cry. I glare at him, and he rolls his eyes. I look forward, and turn my body to the side so I hit the door push with my butt. The door opens, and we go through. Why did you pull me out of the fight you shit bag, he deserved to be yelled at! I try to lock eyes with him, but he won t return my intense stare. That won t stop me from continuing to stare, but it makes it a little more annoying. Blake sighs and looks down, finally locking my gaze as we enter the parking lot. Because it had nothing to do with you Mack. He doesn t stop, but I do. That sentence was like a whistle to start yelling. When I stopped, Blake had to turn to face me, and he looks bored. It has nothingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Russell Banks Short Story, Sarah Cole: A Type of Love Story1421 Words   |  6 PagesStab in the Heart A stab in the heart by one’s own hopes is truly the cruelest way to leave this world. Sadly, that is exactly what happen to Sarah Cole in Russell Banks’ short story entitled, â€Å"Sarah Cole: A Type of Love Story.† The man who dated Sarah for a short period of time tells the tale. 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Gullivers Travels Summary Essay Example For Students

Gullivers Travels: Summary Essay Gullivers Travels: SummaryMany of the critics who have critiqued Jonathan Swifts GulliversTravels have used the word extraneous more then once. Swift was viewed as aninsane person who was a failure in life. But this is far from the truth. Swiftwrote Gullivers Travels, a book that has been assigned to students for years,and it is written from experience. Swifts experience with the Tories and theirconflicts with the Whigs caused him to write books that mock religious beliefs,government, or people with views differing from his own. In one of these books,Gullivers Travels, Swift criticizes the corruption of the English government,society, science, religion, and man in general. In Gullivers first travel, in which he visited Lilliput, Gulliver isfaced with the minute people, called Lilliputians. Now while this is thepremise for a fantasy story, Swift uses the events within to make severecriticisms of England between reigns of Queen Anne and George the first. Thepeople of Lilliput are about six inches tall, and there size signifies thattheir motives, acts, and humanity are in the same, dwarfish (Long 276). In thissection, the royal palace is accidentally set on fire, containing the empressinside. Instead of making his way across town, to the ocean, squashing thepeople of Lilliput as he goes, Gulliver makes use of his urine to save thepalace. While this vulgar episode was a display of bravery, it infuriated theemperor, causing revenge to be vowed on Gulliver. Rather then be happy thatboth the emperor and the palace are not in ruin, the littleness of thegovernment and the people in general is displayed in this act. Another displayof this is the fact that Gulliv er is used as the Emperors absolute weapon, butthe emperor only uses him to conquer his world of two islands. This makes theemperors ambition seem extremely low (Bloom, Interpretations 84-5). Swift also criticizes the religious beliefs of the Lilliputians andEngland in the first story. In Lilliput, Ministers were chosen strictly onagility, or their ability to walk a tightrope or stick jumping. They were ableto maintain their rank of minister as long as they could keep these defeatingthese tasks (Swift, Writings 89). The political parties of the English government are represented by theconservative High Heels who depict the Tories, and the progressive Low Heels, orWhigs. As per their names, the distinguishing mark of the parties is the heightof their heels. Within these two parties, Swift criticizes the Englishpolitical parties, and the Prince of Wales (Brady 21). Swift also mocks thereligion war that was going on in England, through the use of the war betweenLilliput, and its nearest neighbor, Blefuscu. Swifts use of the terms HighHeels and Low Heels to compare the meaningless battles of the Whigs and Tories,such as the height of heels (Swift, Writings 81). With Gullivers next travel, we find him in Brobdingnag. His voyageshows us the filthy mental and physical characteristics of man. Here, Gulliveris confronted with an adult nurse. The nurses repulsive action of revealingher breasts to Gulliver. This reminds him of how the Lilliputians found hisskin full of crater like pores, and stumps of hair growing from them. The odorof the immense creatures is offending, and it caused Gulliver to recall the factthat the Lilliputians were also offended of his body odor (Bloom,Interpretations 27-8). In Laputa, Gulliver is confronted with the old age Struldbuggs, whichlook utterly hideous resulting from old age, and the deterioration of theirbodies. The Yahoos from the land of Houyhnhnms are filthy, uncivilizedcreatures, who use their own dung as a weapon. In these descriptions, Swiftcriticizes both the moral and physical corruption of man (Bloom, Critical Views87). .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d , .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d .postImageUrl , .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d , .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d:hover , .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d:visited , .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d:active { border:0!important; } .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d:active , .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc84e0e54e9dfee281e21d2806b33724d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Baroque Era Essay PaperGullivers first owner in Brobdingnag represents the selfishness of man. Gulliver is constantly displayed in public, abused for the profit of the owner. When his owner finds out that Gulliver is weakening, he sells him immediately,at a high price in order to milk every last penny out of Gulliver. Gullivers third voyage, to the floating island of Laputa is one of themost satirical of the whole book. In this voyage Swift criticizes the RoyalSociety of England, in which he says is composed of useless philosophers,inventors, and scientists. The floating island signifies that the inhabitantsare composed of the same airy constitution as the environment (Long 276). Projects done by such people are summed up by the Universal Artist, whodirects his followers to turn useful things into the exact opposite, whichresults in useless achievements. Some of the experiments held were to createtangible air, wool-less sheep, and horses with stone hooves. The flying islanditself expresses not only the desertion on the common earth of reality but theirconversion of the universe to a mechanism and of living to a mechanical process(Bloom, Interpretations 53). Finally, Gulliver travels to the land of the Houyhnhnms. After hereaches land, Gulliver comes across a pack of Yahoos and is instantly appalledby them. There he quotes, Upon the whole, I never beheld in all my travels sodisagreeable and animal, or one against which I naturally conceived so strong anantipathy (Swift, Text 215). This statement is at best ironic, becauseGulliver never saw the resemblances between the Yahoos, and himself. Afterwards,he encounters the rational Houyhnhnms and he immediately realizes the commoncharacteristics he has in common with the Yahoos. He states, my horror andastonishment are not to be described, when I observed, in this abdominal animal,a perfect human figure (Swift, Text 220). Gulliver is amazed to see rational figures acting in such brutal figures,but he later realizes that they regarded him as the brutal beast. TheHouyhnhnms compare Gulliver and the Yahoos and find many similarities betweenthe two. The only difference was that Gulliver, and mankind, had learned thebenefits of clothing, and he, at times could be a rational creature. Swift portrays the Yahoos as savage animals with human characteristics,which is the biggest mockery of mankind in the whole book. The Yahoos were sogreedy, that they would fight over enough food to feed an entire army of fiftysoldiers, just to keep it to themselves. They would poison their own bodies, bysucking a root, similar to alcohol, to reach a high. The female population ofthe Yahoos are also given characteristics of the ladies of the royal stature. Their gestures of hiding behind bushes and trees, looking at the passing bymales, gives the impression of a woman hiding her face behind a fan, whilelooking flirtatiously over her shoulder. The smell associated with the femaleYahoos, is similar to the perfume ladies wear to attract men (Brady 108). Bythe time Gulliver is returned to England, he becomes a complete antisocial, whois disgusted by the sight of his own wife and children. Gullivers desire tobecome a Houyhnhnm gives the reader the impression that he is a pathetic man,who strives to become someone he can never be. Through Gulliver, Jonathan Swift travels to four different foreigncountries, each representing a corrupt part of England. Swift criticizes thecorruption of these parts, and focuses on the government, society, science,religion, and man. Not only does swift criticize the customs of each country, hemocks the naive man who has the inability to figure out the double meaning ofthings. Gulliver, being gullible himself, believes everything he is told, whichsymbolizes the irony of the English system. .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae , .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae .postImageUrl , .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae , .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae:hover , .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae:visited , .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae:active { border:0!important; } .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae:active , .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u39fa159452303ba44a43fd55c28ee2ae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The grasp drugs have on colomb EssayWorks CitedHarold, Bloom, ed. Modern Critical Views, Jonathan Swift. New York: ChelseaHouse Publishers, 1986. Brady, Frank, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretation of Gullivers Travels. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1968. Swift, Jonathan. Gullivers Travels, and other Writings. New York: BantamBooks, Inc., 1962. Harold, Bloom, ed. Modern Critical Interpretations of Gullivers Travels. NewYork: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Long, William J. Jonathan Swift, English Literature. Boston, Mass.: Ginn andCompany, 1964. Swift, Jonathan. Gullivers Travels, An Annotated Text with Critical Essays. United States: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1961. English

Corruption A Development Problem of Bangladesh

The Problem: Corruption Being one of the poorest countries in the world, Bangladesh faces a number of development challenges, which range from economic to social and political. The main development problem that the country faces at the moment is economic.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Corruption: A Development Problem of Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The economic development problem is caused by many factors, but it is mostly precipitated by corruption. In Bangladesh, corruption is considered an endemic problem, which is encouraged by the weak system of government and the inadequate bureaucratic transparency in the country (Knox, 2009). There are statistics that show the extent of corruption in Bangladesh and the effects of the problem in the country’s economic development. A study conducted by Transparency International (TI) in 2010 revealed that about 85% of the families in the country ha d been victims of corruption in that year of the survey. Another study conducted by the same body in 2011 showed that between April 2011 and April 2012, close to $2.7 billion was used by different business people and other individuals to bribe their ways. This amount, according to the TI, is about 14% of the total national budget of Bangladesh (Dreher, Kotsogiannis, McCorriston, 2007). There are factors that are known to cause the spread of corruption in Bangladesh. The first one, lack of accountability, makes it easy for the high-ranking personnel to practice corruption. Nepotism is the second factor that encourages corruption among other unlawful practices. Nepotism results in the appointment of individuals with low level of competency into high and critical positions in the government, which negatively impacts the country’s economy. Another cause of corruption in the country is the weak government system, which cannot set stringent measures for investing, arresting, and p rosecuting the individuals who get involved in the corrupt deals (Knox, 2009). The problem of corruption has a direct relationship with Bangladesh’s economic development. The problem negatively impacts the economic development of the country. Corruption, in particular, affects how Bangladesh relates with other countries and international organizations, especially the financial ones.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bangladesh, as a result of its high corruption index, rarely receives financial aid from financial international organizations such as the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the Islamic Development Bank (Knox, 2009). Theoretically, corruption in Bangladesh can be explained as a hindrance to economic development in the country, which emanates from the weak management of the state. The vice spreads in the country as a result of the existence of individual comp anies that exercise monopoly power over the limited resources in the country. The monopolistic organizations influence most of the important decisions that regard the allocation and the use the resources in the country. The organizations, through their influence in the public and private sectors, interfere with the integrity of those responsible for the discharge of public wealth and utilities (Dreher, Kotsogiannis, McCorriston, 2007). Background of Bangladesh Bangladesh is situated in southern Asia between India and Burma and it borders the Bay of Bengal; it was founded in 1971 as a result of separation of Bengali East from the union it had with West Pakistan. Initially, Bangladesh was referred to as East Bengal. The union the country forms with West Bengal is called Bangal. The union is less powerful and is not well known outside Asia. Bangladesh has more than 145 million people, a population that cannot adequately be supported by the meager resources of the country (CIA World Fa ctbook, 1998). The country does not have adequate resources to support its population. The main economic activities in the country are agriculture, animal keeping and fish rearing. The agricultural sector employs more than 50% of the country’s population, which leads to excessive exertion of pressure on natural resources such as land. The natural renewable resources in the country include water, energy, forests, and domestic animals such as fish. The non-renewable resources include coal, gas, rock, oil and sand. The country enjoys plenty of ground and surface water, which it uses in agriculture, fishing and generation of electricity. It also occupies a large area with mineral resources that it exports to other countries for economic gain (CIA World Factbook, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Corruption: A Development Problem of Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bangladesh is one of the Asia n countries with a unique type of government. The form of government in Bangladesh is described as a unitary secular parliamentary, which is elected by the citizens. The type of the elected government is referred to as the Jatiyo Sangshad. It is this unique type of government and the high population densities in Bangladesh that make the country one of the most popular states in the globe. Although the Bengali people make up the highest percentage of the country’s population, there are other indigenous groups in the country especially in southeastern and northern districts (CIA World Factbook, 1998). The problem of corruption has negative impact on the natural resources and the citizens of Bangladesh. The problems influences the way these resources are allocated to the citizens. In most cases, corruption results in an unfair distribution of the resources in various regions in the country. Companies, politicians and business people use their power and wealth to acquire these re sources unfairly. These groups, after obtaining large portions of the resources, use them to control how the country is managed. The unitary secular parliamentary type of government that exists in the country is a weak regime, which cannot deal with the issue of corruption. This form of government has been blamed for the spread of corruption in Bangladesh (CIA World Factbook, 1998). Discussion History of Corruption in Bangladesh Corruption is not a new phenomenon in Bangladesh. The problem has existed in the country for so many years despite the strategies that the government has put in place in to reduce it. The problem began immediately after Bangladesh disintegrated from its union with West Pakistan. The disintegration resulted in a number of conflicts, which made a number of citizens of Bangladesh seek refuge in the neighboring countries. All this mayhem caused a state of uncertainty and unrealistic expectations, which made people in the country, begin scrambling for power and w ealth. The rich people use their wealth to gain power and have influence over most parts of the country. The end result of these uncertainties has been the problem of corruption (Ades Tella, 2009). The problem of corruption continues to exist in the country despite the pressure mounted on the government by the international community. It is evident that the problem cannot reduce at the moment because of lack of proper mechanisms to deal with it.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The problem is even worse in the main arms of the government that are supposed to address it. The two arms of government, the police and judiciary, which should be fighting corruption in the country, are heavily involved in it (Ades Tella, 2009). Strategies to Deal with Corruption There are several strategies that the government of Bangladesh has put in place to assist in the fight against corruption in the country. The main project that the government has initiated in this fight is the establishment of the Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC). ACC was created in 2004 to act as an independent institution that formulates and enact policies that fight corruption in both public and private sectors (Aidt, 2009). However, the studies conducted by the International Crisis Group on the work of ACC revealed that it is incapable of reducing the incidents of corruption in the country. The efficiency of ACC in dealing with corruption is affected by the government’s influence on the operati ons of the commission. The commission has to get permission from the government before it launches an investigation on public high-ranking personnel, public corporations and the government itself. The commission is never as independent as it was intended to be (Knox, 2009). The last strategy enacted by the government involved declaring the judiciary as an independent body that should operate on its own. This scheme was to allow the criminal justice system to prosecute and imprison individuals found guilty of corruption. The courts were to impose heavy fines and punishment on individuals proved to have a hand in corrupt deals. This system also has never been effective since the government controls most of the cases and operations of the criminal justice system. In addition, most of the court officials are corrupt and they accept bribes to change the course of justice (Knox, 2009). Apart from the government, the international communities have also made a number of initiatives in the f ight against corruption in Bangladesh. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and other international financial bodies have, on several occasions, placed sanctions on Bangladesh in an attempt to reduce cases of corruption in the country (Aidt, 2009). For example, in 2012, the World Bank withdrew its assistance from multi-billion Padma Bridge Project. The mechanisms of the international communities have never been successful as they make the common citizens of Bangladesh suffer instead of the government officials, for whom they are intended. In most cases, the communities withdraw such bans before their effects are felt for fear of hurting the poor citizens of the country (Blackburn, Bose, Hague, 2006). Causes of Corruption in the Country There are several factors that contribute to the high index of corruption in Bangladesh. The first one results from lack of proper laws to guide accountability of the public servants. Bangladesh is one of the countries that still lack str ingent measures to deal with cases of corruption. The public officials take advantage of this to practice corrupt deals. Most of the public servants make away with the gains they accrue from corrupt deals since there are no strict laws to prosecute them (Blackburn, Bose, Hague, 2006). Another contributing factor is the existence of dishonest politicians; they use their power and wealth to reverse the course of justice in their favor. Despite the staggering economic status of Bangladesh, the members of the parliament and other senior government officials are awarded so many luxurious facilities that are purchased by the country’s resources. For instance, the officials are allocated large pieces of land, tax-free costly cars, and houses among other things. With all these amenities, the officials seem to have been put above the law (Ades Tella, 2009). Lastly, the incidents of corruption continue to spread in Bangladesh because of weak religious and family values that do not co ndemn acts of corruption. Most of the households in the country seem to have lost the battle against corruption and are slowly joining the shoddy deals. They believe that they too can prosper through corruption and some give out bribes to enable their children to secure good jobs and places in learning institutions. Although the Islamic religion practiced in the country condemns corruption, it cannot succeed on its own without the assistance of the relevant bodies (Blackburn, Bose, Hague, 2006). Theoretical and Practical Solutions to the Problem Corruption is a common phenomenon in many parts of the globe; it can never be eradicated completely, but it can be reduced significantly if the right measures are put in place. There are a number of strategies that can be used to reduce corruption in Bangladesh. Firstly, the problem can be reduced by educating the common citizens on their rights and the relevance of the laws that govern their lives. The people of Bangladesh can only fight c orruption effectively if they understand their rights and know how the law operates. It is has been discovered that there are low percentages of corruption in the regions where many people are educated (Knox, 2009). Secondly, the occurrence of corruption can be thwarted by creating an independent anti-corruption commission and a strong criminal justice system. The commission created should be given all the power it needs and be allowed to operate as a full independent branch of the government. The commission should ensure that it works together with the criminal justice system, which should also be independent and powerful. The commission and the criminal justice system should set very heavy punishments for individuals found guilty of corruption (Aidt, 2009). Lastly, the government should reform the Electoral Commission to ensure that it only allows individuals of high integrity to vie for various positions in the government. The commission should develop ways of grilling aspirants to determine their level of integrity before they are cleared to vie for any position. This implies that only those individuals who have never been implicated in corruption scandals can hold electoral positions (Ades Tella, 2009). Conclusion and Recommendations Although corruption is a common economic problem in the world, it seems more prevalent in developing countries. Bangladesh is one the developing countries in the world that experience the most number of corruption cases. The high percentage of corruption in Bangladesh is mostly caused by lack of proper laws to deal with the problem. The incidents of corruption in the country are expected to continue for a long time unless an independent criminal justice system and a self-governing anti-corruption commission are formed. This paper recommends the following strategies to be implemented by the government of Bangladesh to assist the country in the fight against corruption: The government should create a judiciary that is powerfu l and fully independent. The government should establish a powerful and independent anti-corruption commission in the country to assist in investigating cases of corruption. The parliament should pass strict laws that carry heavy punishments for corrupt individuals. The government should ensure that there is equal distribution of the country’s wealth to all regions of the country. The government should not interfere with investigations that involve cases of corruption. References Ades, A., Tella, R. D. (2009). The causes and consequences of corruption: A review of recent empirical contributions. IDS Bulletin, 27(2), 6-11. Aidt, T. S. (2009). Corruption, institutions, and economic development. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 25(2), 271-291. Blackburn, K., Bose, N., Hague, M. E. (2006). The incident and persistence of corruption in economic development. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 30(12), 2447-2467. CIA World Factbook. (1998). Bangladesh. Retrieved from http: //www.worldrover.com/vital/bangladesh.html Dreher, A., Kotsogiannis, C., McCorriston, S. (2007). Corruption around the world; Evidence from a structural model. Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(3), 443-446. Knox, C. (2009). Dealing with sectoral corruption in Bangladesh: Developing citizen involvement. Public Administration and Development, 29(2), 117-132. This essay on Corruption: A Development Problem of Bangladesh was written and submitted by user Lance Morales to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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